How to Treat Your Child’s Head Lice
The 411 on Lice
Although it’s annoying to parents, lice are a common problem in children. Starting about three, through the age of twelve, lice are commonly found in children, especially in girls. They are not dangerous, or spread diseases but are contagious and hard to get rid of. They can cause your child’s scalp to itch and scratching may lead to skin irritation or infection. Lice (a plural of louse) are tiny wingless parasitic insect that feeds on small amounts of blood from the scalp and lives on human hair.
They are tiny but can be seen with the naked eye. Nits are the tiny yellow, tan, or brown spots before they hatch. Once they hatch, the shell looks white or clear. Nits are found close to the skins surface and look more like dandruff, but can’t be removed by brushing the hair or trying to shake them off. It’s more common to see the nits then it is to see adult lice on your children’s hair. Nits will hatch within one to two weeks after they were laid.
The adult louse is barely as big as a sesame seed and is tan or light brown in color. Most adult lice feed on blood every four to six hours but can live up to three days off the scalp. One reason it’s important to remind your children to never use someone’s comb or brush. The itching is sometimes not noticed for weeks although they may complain about something tickling or moving on their heads.
Scratching can cause red sores or bumps and if it gets bad, could cause a rash with oozing. Lymph glands sometimes will swell and if scratching makes the skin red and tender a topical ointment can be used or an oral antibiotic.
Lice are contagious and will spread quickly through groups of children or even teenagers. They can’t fly, but they can be transferred from one person to another by sharing combs and brushes, wearing someone’s hat, or even touching bed linen. Are your pets passing on lice? The answer is no, your pets can’t catch head lice or pass them on to your children or the other way around.
Treating Lice
There are several ways to treat head lice. Your child’s doctor as well as creams can recommend medicated shampoos or lotions can be used to kill the lice. You can find over-the-counter methods to treat head lice, but sometimes be unsuccessful because they haven’t been used correctly or they have become resistant to the chemical in the shampoos or lotions.
Always read and follow directions on the products. These products are considered insecticides and not following the directions as they are printed can cause harm to your child. These will usually kill both the nits and the lice but it may take a few days for your child’s head to stop itching. You may consider retreating after seven to ten days because one nit alive and left behind can cause a new infestation.
Important! If your child is under two years old, do not use any medicated lice treatments on them. Lice and nits will need to be removed by hand.
Here are some hints on what you can do to get rid of the lice and their eggs.
- Use a fine-tooth comb after you shampoo their hair every three to four days for two weeks. If the hair is wet, it immobilizes the lice and it’s easier to comb them out.
- Wash all bed linens and clothing recently worn by the person infested in hot water, at least 130 degrees and then put in the hot cycle of your dryer.
- Any bed linens, stuffed toys, clothing, and plush toys that can’t be washed should be taken to the dry cleaner. You also can put them in airtight bags for two weeks to kill the nits and lice.
- Vacuum any upholstered furniture or carpets, both in your home and your car.
- Hair care items such as brushes and combs can be soaked in medicated shampoo, rubbing alcohol for an hour.
It is important for your child to know they didn’t get lice by being dirty and they haven’t done anything wrong. Advise your child not to use another child’s personal possessions, such as comb, brush, or hats. That is the quickest way to transfer head lice from one child to another.
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